It should be possible fairly soon (if it not already) to track this same information by voice recognition. The same is true, even in the absence of formal certification, if the dog has recently and successfully completed a training program that evaluated his proficiency in locating drugs.In the context of a warrant, I argued, the problem with relying on statistical evidence and no more is that the actual probability of finding evidence was likely no where near like the percent found in the study. Whatever you can say about statistical methods, they work on the basis of generalization, not particularity.And there’s a historical argument against house to house searches. There’s no doubt of that. That may be for a lawsuit, I don’t recall.Perhaps a better example would be a study that comes out saying that “60% of the excess opioids in a community come from a local pharmacy selling off the books”.

Stop initiated.And are these reasons un-enumerable?Degree of cause / suspicion can sometimes be quantified. Both because abuser will be in prison, and because there won’t be a continual pull towards worse and worse behavior. On July 30, 1898, Otto von Bismark died at age 83 in Germany. Given that, I'm skeptical that such testimony should be required.If you want someone to blame, blame the man in the mirror.Saturday. Well, there does seem to be one area in which implied consent is being recognized: statutes that mandate consent post-arrest blood alcohol testing as a condition of obtaining a driver’s license. The US Supreme Court on Monday added one new case, Kansas v. Glover, to next term’s merits docket.The court will decide, for the purposes of an investigative stop under the Fourth Amendment, whether it is reasonable for a police officer to suspect that the person driving a car is the is also the registered owner. Let’s say I can show that a vehicle in a high-crime area is more likely to contain drugs than a vehicle that is not. All it says about the kind of warrantless search at issue here is that it must not be “unreasonable”.There could be lots of reasons to think that the particular case where a stop is made is not representative of the whole.The particular basis in this case was “The car being driven has an owner whose license is suspended” KANSAS. The Court of Appeals writes:So, the “percentage argument” is a real one. I.E. A search based on nothing but a statistical inference without any evidence of actual criminal activity going on in the place may be per se unreasonable given it is precisely what the 4th Amendment was supposed to prohibit.Under that rule at least a no-drug-dog-alert is dispositive proof that no drugs are present, but an alert is only potentially useful in determining probable cause if the officer tracked how often an alert occurred and no drugs were found – then a judge could determine if that rate was sufficiently high given the rest of the evidence, even if not explicitly quantified.Suppose that a municipality has a law that says everybody has to carry their driver's license with them at all times. Otherwise we get (and I hope you remember one of the case name on this, because I don’t) officers claiming that their drug detection dogs have a 100% accuracy rate – every time they don’t alert the police don’t find drugs (because they don’t search), and every time they do alert the police either find drugs (true positive) or claim the dog detected “residual scent” (and entirely meaningless claim as it has no truth value at all).If you use a general probability to justify a specific search, all you’ve done is recreated the general warrant that the 4th amendment was supposed to prohibit.There’s no such thing as implied consent under the Fourth AmendmentYou’d think so. Code section 23612. Does that give the police officer the ability to stop every teenager that he sees?This is a really interesting issue. Unknown thief escapes into one of two units on floor of am apartment building. It (in combination with the landlord doctrine) is the justification that allows Universities to search dorm rooms without a warrant where police can not.The theoretical case for government mask mandates has to be weighed against the reality of their enforcement.I think the founders were trying to get to the philosophy of science rather than any specific quantum itself, but that wasn’t something that had been worked out in philosophy at the time.We could even enable some of these with simple legislation: any state could add a private cause of action for violation of state laws, and even a private criminal prosecution along the lines of a qui tam case. And then police (who are aware of the opioid problem in the community) use that study to get a search warrant on the local pharmacies and search their books.” I think the same goes for reasonable suspicion.
If there’s a 50/50 chance between two apartments with nothing pointing specifically to one, I’m not sure courts would let the police blindly guess even between two choices. The $600 per week benefits boost will expire on July 31.Saturday.

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